Raposo-Lima, C., Pereira, I.M., Marques, F. et al. Elevated levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin among OCD patients: an exploratory study. BMC Psychiatry 21, 272 (2021). DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03289-w
“Although PANDAS might be of relevance for only a minor proportion of OCD cases, this immune/inflammation hypothesis may be significant given the prevalence of OCS among patients with autoimmune diseases [9]…. In conclusion, we herein report differences in NGAL levels among OCD patients compared to healthy controls. We offer additional evidence to the immune dysregulation hypothesis of OCD by reporting elevated levels of NGAL among OCD patients versus healthy controls, with higher differences being found among women”