Rahman SS, Hussein N, Galfrè SG, et al. Sex-associated and disease state-dependent monocyte polarization and CNS-trafficking phenotypes in pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS). Journal of Neuroinflammation. 2025;22:273.doi:10.1186/s12974-025-03549-6
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Characterized circulating monocyte subsets in pediatric PANS during flare and recovery states.
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Identified increased inflammatory M1-like monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells during flare, with anti-inflammatory M2-like monocytes enriched during recovery.
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Described a monocyte subset with CNS-homing phenotype that was reduced during flare and restored during recovery; this subset was present in CSF in new-onset cases but absent in persistent disease.
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Authors suggest monocyte polarization and trafficking patterns vary with disease state and may relate to CNS involvement in PANS.
Gabriella True
