Blog

Bartonella henselae, Babesia odocoilei and Babesia divergens-like MO-1 infection in the brain of a child with seizures, mycotoxin exposure and suspected Rasmussen’s encephalitis
Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG, Robveille C, Kingston E. Bartonella henselae, Babesia odocoilei and Babesia divergens-like MO-1 infection in the brain of a child with seizures, mycotoxin exposure and suspected Rasmussen’s encephalitis. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis. 2025 Mar 12;17:11795735251322456. doi: 10.1177/11795735251322456. PMID: 40083671; PMCID: PMC11905044.
  • Despite cat and suspected tick exposure, Bartonella henselae and Borrelia burgdorferi serology remained negative.
  • Neurodiagnostic testing partially supported Rasmussen’s encephalitis; brain biopsy showed astrogliosis.
  • Bartonella henselae DNA was detected in brain tissue cultures.
  • Babesia odocoilei and Babesia divergens-like MO-1 were confirmed in blood and brain tissue from 2022–2023.
  • Infections, compounded by mycotoxin exposure, created a complex clinical case.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder associated with Autoimmunity in Youth: Clinical Course before and after Rituximab+/- Adjunctive Immunomodulation
Frankovich J, Calaprice D, Ma M, Knight O, Miles K, Manko C, Hernandez JD, Sandberg J, Farhadian B, Xie Y, Silverman M, Madan J, Strand V, Chang K, Thienemann M. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder associated with Autoimmunity in Youth: Clinical Course before and after Rituximab+/- Adjunctive Immunomodulation. Dev Neurosci. 2025 Mar 10:1-26. doi: 10.1159/000544993. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40064151.
  • Case review (n=23) from Stanford on their use of rituximab for presumed-neuroimmune and severe OCD in youth
  • Some (47.8%) experienced transient increases in psychiatric or joint pain symptoms before signs of improvement. The time frame for signs of improvement was 3-4 months. 
  • 70% achieved full or partial recovery at 1-5 years.
  • Receiving adjunct immunomodulation was associated with a higher likelihood of achieving full or partial recovery compared with those without adjunct immunomodulation
IVIG Stopped Ella’s Self-Harm
IVIG Stopped Ella’s Self-Harm

Trigger Warning: Self-Harm & Suicide The following story discusses experiences with self-harm, suicidal thoughts, and psychiatric hospitalization. If you are sensitive to these topics, please...

Read Story