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OCD

Anti-inflammatory Augmentation Therapy in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: A Review
Hanie Ghasemi, Homa Nomani, Amirhossein Sahebkar* and Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour*, “Anti-inflammatory Augmentation Therapy in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: A Review”, Letters in Drug Design & Discovery (2020) 17: 1198. DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999200520122910
Anti-inflammatory Augmentation Therapy in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: A Review
“Results: Recent studies display that inflammation processes and the dysfunction of the immune system are likely to play a role in the pathophysiology of OCD, indicating that the disturbances in neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine cannot be alone involved in the development of OCD. Therefore, it seems that medications with anti-inflammatory effects have the potential to be evaluated as a new therapeutic strategy for OCD. However, this issue can be studied closely if OCD etiological factors are thoroughly understood. The present review study aims at gathering all obtained results concerning new treatments targeting inflammation in OCD patients. Reviewing the conducted studies shows that the use of agents with anti-inflammatory properties, including some NSAIDs, Minocycline and Atorvastatin, could lead to promising and intriguing results in the treatment of OCD. Curcumin also showed good efficacy in the reduction of OCD-like behavior when it has been used in an animal model. However, there is still no definitive and conclusive evidence for any of the medications proposed.
Conclusion: More future studies are needed to investigate anti-inflammatory treatment strategies for OCD and its other subtypes such as Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS), and Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal infection (PANDAS)”
Immuno-moodulin: A new anxiogenic factor produced by Annexin-A1 transgenic autoimmune-prone T cells

GiuseppaPiras, LorenzaRattazzi
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 29 February 2020

Patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) have increased levels of Immuno-moodulin (Imood), a protein in their lymphocytes, a type of immune cell.

Anxious mice returned to normal in a couple of days after being given an antibody that blocked Imood. Twenty-three people with OCD and twenty healthy people without OCD were tested; Imood expression was about six times higher in those with OCD. Additional research indicates the same protein, Immod, is elevated in ADHD.

 

A systematic review and meta-analysis: Memantine augmentation in moderate to severe obsessive-compulsive disorder
Modarresi A, Chaibakhsh S, Koulaeinejad N, Koupaei SR. A systematic review and meta-analysis: Memantine augmentation in moderate to severe obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2019 Dec;282:112602. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112602. Epub 2019 Oct 4. PMID: 31630042.
  • Objective: Evaluate the efficacy of memantine as a glutamate modulator for moderate to severe OCD.
  • Methods: Systematic review of single, double-blinded, and open-label trials, using Y-BOCS scores as the primary measure.
  • Results:
    • 8 studies, 125 participants receiving memantine augmentation.
    • Significant reduction of 11.73 points in Y-BOCS scores.
    • Patients on memantine were 3.61 times more likely to respond than those on placebo.
    • 20 mg/day memantine for at least 8 weeks is safe and effective.
  • Conclusions: Memantine augmentation is a promising treatment option for moderate to severe OCD.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Autoimmunity and Neuroinflammation

Mona Gerentes, Antoine Pelissolo, Krishnamoorthy Rajagopal, Ryad Tamouza, Nora Hamdani,
Anxiety Disorders-August 2019

This review highlights that OCD is associated with low-grade inflammation, neural antibodies, and neuro-inflammatory and auto-immune disorders. In some subset of OCD patients, autoimmunity is likely triggered by specific bacterial, viral, or parasitic agents with overlapping surface epitopes in CNS. Hence, subset-profiling in OCD is warranted to benefit from distinct immune-targeted treatment modalities.

Altered frequencies of Th17 and Treg cells in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Natalia Rodrígueza, Astrid Morerbgh, Azucena González-Navarrocg, Carles Serra-Pages, Daniel Bolo, Teresa Torrese, Albert Martinez-Pinteñoe, Sergi Ma, Amalia Lafuenteegh, Patricia Gassóeg, LuisaLázarobdgh
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity-2019

Highlights
•Th17 cells are increased in children and adolescents with OCD.
•Percentages of Treg cells are reduced in OCD patients.
•Increased levels of Th17 cells are associated with higher severity of OCD symptoms.
•Increased levels of Th17 cells are associated with longer duration of disease.
•Reduced percentatges of Treg cells are associated with longer duration of disease.