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REM

Continued Presence of Period Limb Movements During REM Sleep in Patients With Chronic Static Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS)
Santoro JD, Frankovich J, Bhargava S. Continued Presence of Period Limb Movements During REM Sleep in Patients With Chronic Static Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS). J Clin Sleep Med. 2018 Jul 15;14(7):1187-1192. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.7222. PMID: 29991427; PMCID: PMC6040797.
  • Small retrospective PSG study of 9 pediatric PANS patients with chronic, treatment-refractory symptoms (median 4 years after onset).
  • 7 of 9 showed elevated periodic limb movements during REM sleep.
  • 2 also had REM sleep without atonia, though not full REM sleep behavior disorder.
  • Delayed REM onset, reduced total sleep time, and decreased sleep efficiency were common
  • Takeaway: Sleep disruption can persist years into chronic PANS and may contribute to ongoing symptom burden.
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Abnormalities in Children with Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS)
Gaughan T, Buckley A, Hommer R, Grant P, Williams K, Leckman JF, Swedo SE. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Abnormalities in Children with Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS). J Clin Sleep Med. 2016 Jul 15;12(7):1027-32. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.5942. PMID: 27166296; PMCID: PMC4918985.
  • 5 children with PANS (ages 3–10) underwent overnight polysomnography.
  • 87% showed sleep abnormalities.
  • 12 of 15 had REM sleep motor disinhibition.
  • 4 met formal criteria for REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD).
  • Only 2 had a normal sleep study.
  • Takeaway: REM motor abnormalities appear common in pediatric PANS and may reflect transient central nervous system dysfunction rather than degenerative disease.