Swedo S, Menendez CM, Cunningham MW. Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS) 2024 Jul 7 [Updated 2024 Sep 13]. In: Ferretti JJ, Stevens DL, Fischetti VA, editors. Streptococcus pyogenes: Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations [Internet]. 2nd edition. Oklahoma City (OK): University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; 2022 Oct 8. Chapter 26.
Read: Deeper Dive: Streptococcal Involvement in PANDAS
- Multiple different types of studies show abnormalities within the basal ganglia of those with OCD, tic disorders, ADHD, and PANDAS.
- The relapsing-remitting symptom progression within PANS/PANDAS is distinctly different from the fluctuating course of OCD and tic disorders.
- The diagnostic criteria for PANS emphasize the importance of the concomitant onset of symptoms in multiple neuropsychiatric domains.
- Genetic predisposition, different strains of S. pyogenes, and the environmental influence of S. pyogenes on the host are all important in the development of PANDAS.
- Treatment recommendations for severe cases, particularly those at risk for self-harm, include therapeutic plasmapheresis and IVIG. For mild to moderately ill people, corticosteroids or NSAIDs can provide symptom relief. Symptom relief with standard psychiatric, behavioral interventions, and family supports should also be provided
