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basal ganglia encephalitis

Badenoch, J., Searle, T., Watson, I. et al. Tics in patients with encephalitis. Neurol Sci (2021). DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05065-w

“Tics were most commonly reported in the post-encephalitic period and involvement of the basal ganglia was frequently observed….Despite these limitations, the first literature review evaluating the presence of tics in reported cases of encephalitis showed that tics have been sporadically reported in cases of encephalitis resulting from autoimmune, infective, and unknown aetiology. Specifically, tics have been more commonly reported in the post-encephalitic period and involvement of the basal ganglia was frequently found. Furthermore, the association of new-onset tics and encephalitis, in the background of other neuropsychiatric abnormalities, has clinical implications in potentially improving the detection of encephalitis based on clinical features. Future research should focus on the categorisation and treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders associated with encephalitis.”

Pawela C, Brunsdon RK, Williams TA, Porter M, Dale RC, Mohammad SS
Dev Med Child Neurol-2016
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Although based on a small, cross‐sectional case series, our results highlight the potential importance of early identification and IVIg treatment of BGE. Given the cognitive and behavioural deficits described in this report, our clinical recommendation would be to try to treat patients rapidly with immune therapies, when clinical suspicion of BGE is high, to minimize the inflammatory component of the disease.