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Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels
Antoine Louveau, Igor Smirnov, Timothy J. Keyes, Jacob D. Eccles, Sherin J. Rouhani, J. David Peske, Noel C. Derecki, David Castle, James W. Mandell, Kevin S. Lee, Tajie H. Harris & Jonathan Kipnis
Nature-2015
The research findings reported in this study challenge the dogmas regarding the immune privilege status of the central nervous system (CNS) and its isolation from the immune system by the blood-brain barrier. Functional meningeal lymphatic vessels capable of carrying immune cells and interstitial fluids from the CNS are identified and characterized. Findings provide novel understanding on how autoimmune encephalopathies, like PANS/ PANDAS, can develop when these unique lymphatic vessels malfunction. Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels.
Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcus Immunology: A Pilot Study
Walls A, Cubangbang M, Wang H, Raiji M, Knight J, Steehler M, Latimer E, Harley EH Jr.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.-2015
Patients diagnosed with PANDAS appear to maintain significantly different concentrations of cytokines when compared with patients afflicted by chronic group A beta hemolytic streptococcus infections and obstructive sleep apnea. As a result, one could potentially use the described characterization of immunologic markers as a basis for future mechanistic and epidemiological studies.
N-acetyl cysteine in the treatment of obsessive compulsive and related disorders: a systematic review
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- 4 clinical trials, 5 case reports/series.
- NAC (2,400-3,000 mg/day) showed symptom reduction and good tolerability.
- 3 ongoing trials for OCD (2 adult, 1 pediatric) and 1 for excoriation.
- Conclusions: Promising results from pilot studies, with potential for future research.
The Role of Tonsillectomy in the Treatment of Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated With Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS)
Daniel Demesh, MD; Jordan M. Virbalas, MD; John P. Bent, MD
JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.-2015
Conclusions: Although current evidence is inconclusive, the data reported herein support previously described smaller case series and further strengthens the notion that tonsillectomy may benefit patients with PANDAS whose symptoms are not controlled with antibiotic therapy
Detection of anti-streptococcal, antienolase, and anti-neural antibodies in subjects with early-onset psychiatric disorders
Nicolini H, López Y, Genis-Mendoza AD, Manrique V, Lopez-Canovas L, Niubo E, Hernández L, Bobes MA, Riverón AM, López-Casamichana M, Flores J, Lanzagorta N, De la Fuente-Sandoval C, Santana D.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr-2015
The simultaneous detection of all three of these antibodies could provide valuable information for the etiologic diagnosis of individuals with early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorders associated with streptococcal infection and, consequently, for prescribing suitable therapy.
Clinical Evaluation of Youth with Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS): Recommendations from the 2013 PANS Consensus Conference
Kiki Chang, Jennifer Frankovich, Michael Cooperstock, Madeleine W. Cunningham, M. Elizabeth Latimer, Tanya K. Murphy, Mark Pasternack, Margo Thienemann, Kyle Williams, Jolan Walter, and Susan E. Swedo, From the PANS Collaborative Consortium
Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology-2015
PDF
On May 23 and 24, 2013, the First PANS Consensus Conference was convened at Stanford University, calling together a geographically diverse group of clinicians and researchers from complementary fields of pediatrics: General and developmental pediatrics, infectious diseases, immunology, rheumatology, neurology, and child psychiatry. Participants were academicians with clinical and research interests in pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcus (PANDAS) in youth, and the larger category of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS). The goals were to clarify the diagnostic boundaries of PANS, to develop systematic strategies for evaluation of suspected PANS cases, and to set forth the most urgently needed studies in this field. Presented here is a consensus statement proposing recommendations for the diagnostic evaluation of youth presenting with PANS.
Multidisciplinary Clinic Dedicated to Treating Youth with Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: Presenting Characteristics of the First 47 Consecutive Patients
Jennifer Frankovich, Margo Thienemann, Jennifer Pearlstein, Amber Crable, Kayla Brown, Kiki Chang
JCAP-2015
In our PANS clinic, 40% of patients had acute onset of symptoms. However, those with and without acute onset of symptoms had similar symptom presentation, rates of inflammatory conditions, somatic symptoms, and violent thoughts and behaviors. GAS infections were the most commonly identified infection at onset and at symptom flares. Because of the wide variety of medical and psychiatric symptoms, youth with PANS may require a multidisciplinary team for adequate care management.
Five Youth with Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome of Differing Etiologies
Jennifer Frankovich, Margo Thienemann, Sonal Rana, Kiki Chang
JCAP-2015
Youth with PANS may present in differing ways, with psychiatric and physical symptoms overlapping with inflammatory or infectious diseases, pain syndromes, and other psychiatric diagnoses. Patients’ psychiatric symptoms may respond to treatments targeting the underlying cause of physical illness. Faced with a pediatric patient demonstrating the abrupt onset or exacerbation of psychiatric and physical symptoms, clinicians should consider PANS in their differential diagnosis.
Clinical Presentation of Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections in Research and Community Settings
Susan E. Swedo, Jakob Seidlitz, Miro Kovacevic, M. Elizabeth Latimer, Rebecca Hommer, Lorraine Lougee, Paul Grant
JCAP-2015
The diagnostic criteria for PANDAS can be used by clinicians to accurately identify patients with common clinical features and shared etiology of symptoms. Although difficulties in documenting an association between GAS infection and symptom onset/exacerbations may preclude a diagnosis of PANDAS in some children with acute-onset OCD, they do appear to meet criteria for pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS).
Cytokine Correlations in Youth with Tic Disorders
E. Carla Parker-Athill, Jared Ehrhart, Jun Tan, Tanya K. Murphy
JCAP-2015
These findings suggest a role for cytokine dysregulation in the pathogenesis of tic disorders. It also points toward the mechanistic involvement and potential diagnostic utility of cytokine monitoring, particularly TNF-α levels. Larger, systematic studies are necessary to further delineate the role of cytokines and medication influences on immunological profiling in tic disorders.
Antineuronal Antibodies in a Heterogeneous Group of Youth and Young Adults with Tics and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Carol J. Cox, Amir J. Zuccolo, Erica V. Edwards, Adita Mascaro-Blanco, Kathy Alvarez, Julie Stoner, Kiki Chang, Madeleine W. Cunningham
JCAP-2015
Our study suggested a significant correlation of streptococcal-associated tics and OCD with elevated anti-D1R and antilysoganglioside antineuronal antibodies in serum concomitant with higher activation of CaMKII in human neuronal cells. Youth and young adults with chronic tics and OCD may have underlying infectious/immunologic etiology.